Occupational exposure limits for copper and its inorganic compounds – ECHA scientific report
Scope of the consultation
At the request of the European Commission of 29 January 2026, ECHA has prepared a scientific report on occupational exposure limits for copper (EC 231-159-6) and its inorganic compounds, for the amendment of the Chemical Agents Directive 98/24/EC. The report was preceded by a call for evidence from 1 April to 1 July 2026.
The consultation allows interested parties to comment on the report. The Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) will adopt its opinion on this basis, with the report attached as an annex. Comments received after the deadline will not be taken into account.
What ECHA proposes – key points for the metals industry
- Proposed OEL (8-h TWA): 0.01 mg Cu/m³ for the respirable fraction and 0.1 mg Cu/m³ for the inhalable fraction – for copper and all its inorganic compounds.
- No short-term limit (STEL) and no binding biological limit value (BLV); biological guidance value (BGV) of 60 µg Cu/L in urine – the background level of the general population.
- Respirable fraction: 28-day rat inhalation study with dicopper oxide (lung inflammation) and lung-deposition modelling; ECHA notes the absence of subchronic and chronic studies.
- Inhalable fraction: studies of copper smelter workers (Haase et al., 2021–2022) showing no lung effects at an average exposure of 0.21 mg Cu/m³.
- Poland’s current OEL (NDS) is 0.2 mg/m³ (per the overview in the ECHA report); 0.01 mg/m³ for the respirable fraction already applies in, among others, Spain and Sweden.
- The derived value may not be appropriate for nanosized copper because of its higher lung deposition.
Prepared by the Chamber from the ECHA scientific report (EC 231-159-6 · CAS 7440-50-8).
Procedure
- Commission request to ECHA29 January 2026
- ECHA scientific report – comments12 Oct – 14 Dec 2026 · now
- Opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC)after the consultation; the ECHA report will be annexed to the opinion
- Commission proposal – amendment of Directive 98/24/ECafter the RAC opinion